public MainPage()
{
    InitializeComponent();
 
    var wc = new WebClient();
    wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result); // e.ResultにStreamが入ってる
        MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()); // 確認
    };
    wc.OpenReadAsync(new Uri("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml")); // 非同期読み込み呼び出し開始
}

var wc = new WebClient();
wc.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false; // デフォはtrueでバッファリングあり、今回はfalseに変更
wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    try
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result); // ここで例外出るよ！
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        // Read is not supporeted on the main thread when buffering is disabled.
        MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
    }
};

wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(_ =>
    {
        try
        {
            var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result);
            MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()); // 今度はここで例外！
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            // Invalid cross-thread access.
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }
    });
};

wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(_ =>
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result);
        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()));
    });
};

var wc = new WebClient { AllowReadStreamBuffering = false };
 
Observable.FromEvent<OpenReadCompletedEventArgs>(wc, "OpenReadCompleted")
    .ObserveOn(Scheduler.ThreadPool) // ThreadPoolで動かすようにする
    .Select(e => XElement.Load(e.EventArgs.Result))
    .ObserveOnDispatcher() // UIスレッドに戻す
    .Subscribe(x => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));
 
wc.OpenReadAsync(new Uri("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml"));

var req = WebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
req.BeginGetResponse(ar =>
{
    using (var res = req.EndGetResponse(ar))
    using (var stream = res.GetResponseStream())
    {
        var x = XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream());
        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));
    }
}, null);

var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
 
Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)
    .Invoke() // 非同期実行開始(Invoke()じゃなくて()でもOKです、ただのDelegateなので)
    .Select(res => XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
    .Subscribe(x => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));

<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
 
    <Button Grid.Row="0" Height="72" Width="200" Content="Reload" Name="Reload"></Button>
    <ListBox Grid.Row="1" Name="TweetList" DataContext="{Binding}">
        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                    <Image Source="{Binding Image}" Height="73" Width="73" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
                    <StackPanel Width="350">
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Foreground="Red" />
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Text}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
                    </StackPanel>
                </StackPanel>
            </DataTemplate>
        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
    </ListBox>
</Grid>

public class TwitterStatus
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Image { get; set; }
 
    public TwitterStatus(XElement element)
    {
        Id = (long)element.Element("id");
        Text = (string)element.Element("text");
        Name = (string)element.Element("user").Element("screen_name");
        Image = (string)element.Element("user").Element("profile_image_url");
    }
}
 
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
    public MainPage()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        Reload.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(Reload_Click); // XAMLに書いてもいいんですけど。
    }
 
    void Reload_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
        req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
 
        Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)
            .Invoke()
            .Select(res => XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
            .Select(x => x.Descendants("status").Select(xe => new TwitterStatus(xe)))
            .ObserveOnDispatcher()
            .Subscribe(ts => TweetList.ItemsSource = ts);
    }
}

// 30秒毎もしくはリロードボタンクリックでPublicTimeLineを更新
Observable.Merge(
        Observable.Timer(TimeSpan.Zero, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), Scheduler.NewThread).Select(_ => (object)_),
        Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(Reload, "Click").Select(_ => (object)_))
    .SelectMany(_ =>
    {
        var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
        req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
        return Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)();
    })
    .Select(res => XStreamingReader.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
    .SelectMany(x => x
        .Descendants("status")
        .Select(xe => new TwitterStatus(xe))
        .Reverse()) // 古い順にする
    .Scan((before, current) => before.Id > current.Id ? before : current) // 最後に通した記事よりも古ければ通さない(で、同じ記事を返す)
    .DistinctUntilChanged(t => t.Id) // 同じ記事が連続して来た場合は何もしないでreturn
    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
    .Subscribe(t => TweetList.Items.Insert(0, t)); // Insertだって...

var random = new Random();
Func<byte> nextByte = () => (byte)random.Next(0, byte.MaxValue + 1);
 
// CenterEllipseは真ん中の円のこと。
// 1000秒以内に3回クリックするとランダムで色が変わる
// GetMultiClickScan関数が今回の主題で、解説は後で。
CenterEllipse.GetMultiClickScan(3, 1000).Subscribe(() =>
    CenterEllipse.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, nextByte(), nextByte(), nextByte())));

public static IObservable<MouseButtonEventArgs> GetMultiClickScan
    (this UIElement element, int count, int multiClickSpeedInMilliSeconds)
{
    return Observable.FromEvent<MouseButtonEventArgs>(element, "MouseLeftButtonDown")
        .Select(e => e.EventArgs)
        .Scan(new
        {
            Times = new Queue<DateTime>(count),
            Hit = false,
            Event = (MouseButtonEventArgs)null // ダミーなのでnullをキャストするのが楽
        }, (a, e) =>
        {
            var isHit = false;
            var now = DateTime.Now;
            a.Times.Enqueue(now);
            if (a.Times.Count == count)
            {
                var first = a.Times.Dequeue();
                Debug.WriteLine((now - first).TotalMilliseconds); // Debug
                if ((now - first).TotalMilliseconds <= multiClickSpeedInMilliSeconds)
                {
                    isHit = true;
                    a.Times.Clear();
                }
            }
 
            return new
            {
                Times = a.Times,
                Hit = isHit,
                Event = e
            };
        })
        .Where(a => a.Hit)
        .Select(a => a.Event);
}

class MyClass
{
    public event EventHandler<EventArgs> Ev;
 
    public void Fire()
    {
        Ev(this, new EventArgs());
    }
}
 
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var mc = new MyClass();
    var count = Observable.FromEvent<EventArgs>(mc, "Ev")
        .Count(); // ここで次元の狭間にダイブする
 
    mc.Fire(); // ここに到達することは未来永劫無い
}

Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(CounterButton, "Click")
    .Scan(0, (x, y) => ++x)
    .Subscribe(i => CounterButton.Content = i + "Clicked");

<UserControl x:Class="SilverlightApplication4.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="640" d:DesignHeight="480">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition />
            <ColumnDefinition Width="200" />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
 
        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0">
            <Button Name="ExecuteButton" Content="Execute" />
            <Button Name="ErrorButton" Content="Error" />
            <Button Name="ObservableButton" Content="Observable" />
            <Button Name="EnumerableButton" Content="Enumerable" />
        </StackPanel>
        <ScrollViewer Grid.Column="1">
            <TextBlock Name="LogBrowseTextBlock"></TextBlock>
        </ScrollViewer>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Threading;
using System.Windows.Controls.Primitives;
using System.Reflection;
 
namespace SilverlightApplication4
{
    public partial class MainPage : UserControl
    {
        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Debug.Set(LogBrowseTextBlock, Dispatcher);
 
            ExecuteButton.GetClick().Subscribe(() =>
                Observable.Range(1, 10).Subscribe(
                    i => Debug.WriteLine(i),
                    e => Debug.WriteLine(e),
                    () => Debug.WriteLine("completed")
                )
            );
 
            ErrorButton.GetClick().Subscribe(() =>
                Observable.Range(1, 10)
                    .Do(i => { if (i == 5) throw new Exception(); })
                    .Subscribe(
                        i => Debug.WriteLine(i),
                        e => Debug.WriteLine("onError"),
                        () => Debug.WriteLine("onCompleted")
                    )
            );
 
            ObservableButton.GetClick().Subscribe(() =>
                GetMethodNames(typeof(Observable)).ToList().ForEach(s => Debug.WriteLine(s))
            );
 
            EnumerableButton.GetClick().Subscribe(() =>
                  GetMethodNames(typeof(Enumerable)).ToList().ForEach(s => Debug.WriteLine(s))
            );
        }
 
        IEnumerable<string> GetMethodNames(Type type)
        {
            return type.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
                .Select(mi => mi.Name)
                .OrderBy(s => s)
                .Distinct();
        }
    }
 
    public static class Debug
    {
        private static TextBlock textBlock;
        private static Dispatcher dispatcher;
 
        public static void Set(TextBlock textBlock, Dispatcher dispatcher)
        {
            Debug.textBlock = textBlock;
            Debug.dispatcher = dispatcher;
        }
 
        public static void WriteLine(object message)
        {
            if (textBlock != null)
            {
                dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
                    textBlock.Text = message.ToString() + Environment.NewLine + textBlock.Text);
            }
        }
    }
 
    public static class ControlExtensions
    {
        public static IObservable<Event<RoutedEventArgs>> GetClick(this ButtonBase button)
        {
            return Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(button, "Click");
        }
    }
}

// XAMLではなく全部コード上に書いたのは両方を張るのが面倒だから……
// 内容はCanvasとEllipseを配置するというもので、本筋とは関係ありません
InitializeComponent();
var canvas = new Canvas { Background = new SolidColorBrush(new Color {A=255, R = 100, G = 100, B = 100 }) };
var ellipse = new Ellipse { Height = 30, Width = 30, Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Orange) };
canvas.Children.Add(ellipse);
this.Content = canvas;
 
// FromEventはイベント発火がトリガとなってLinq発動
// 後段に送られるのはEvent<T>というもので、
// SenderとEventArgsという読み取り専用プロパティを持つクラス
var canvasMove = Observable.FromEvent<MouseEventArgs>(canvas, "MouseMove")
    .Select(e => e.EventArgs.GetPosition(canvas))
    .Where(p => (p.X % 15 == 0) || (p.Y % 15 == 0))
    .Subscribe(p =>
    {
        ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, p.X - ellipse.Width / 2);
        ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, p.Y - ellipse.Height / 2);
    });
 
// Subscribeの戻り値の型はIDisposable
// Disposeを呼ぶと登録したイベントをデタッチすることが出来る
// デタッチしないなら取得する必要は特にはない
// canvasMove.Dispose();

// つまるところ、以下のコードと同じだったりはする
// ただ、IObservable<T>は通常のイベント登録では無理な複雑な操作が簡単、
// そして何よりも、このような単純なコードでもそんなに複雑になっていない！
canvas.MouseMove += (sender, e) =>
{
    var pos = e.GetPosition(canvas); // Select
    if (!(pos.X % 15 == 0 || pos.Y % 15 == 0)) return; // Where
    ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, pos.X - ellipse.Width / 2);
    ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, pos.Y - ellipse.Height / 2);
};

// stringを避けたこういう登録方法もあるけれど、面倒なうえに警告出る
Observable.FromEvent((EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> h) => new MouseEventHandler(h),
        h => canvas.MouseMove += h, // addHandler
        h => canvas.MouseMove -= h) // removeHandler
    .Subscribe(e => Debug.WriteLine(e.EventArgs.GetPosition(canvas)));

// 普段あまり書かないMouseEventArgsとかいう型定義は書きにくいし
// メソッド名もstringで書くのはミスが出がち、ということで
// 拡張メソッドでイベント取り出し用のメソッドを予め作っておくと良い
public static IObservable<Event<MouseEventArgs>> GetMouseMove(this UIElement elem)
{
    return Observable.FromEvent<MouseEventArgs>(elem, "MouseMove");
}
 
// マウスの軌跡を1秒後に描画します
canvas.GetMouseMove()
    .Select(e => e.EventArgs.GetPosition(canvas))
    .Delay(1000)
    .Subscribe(p =>Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(()=>
    {
        ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, p.X - ellipse.Width / 2);
        ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, p.Y - ellipse.Height / 2);
    }));