public Hoge(int a, int b, int c, string d, string e, DateTime f, .....

// あまり行数使うのもアレなので短くしますが、実際は10行ぐらいあると思ってください
Hoge hoge = new HogeBuilder()
  .Age(10)
  .Name("hogehoge")
  .Build();

var hoge = new HogeBuilder
{
    Age = 10,
    Name = "hogehoge"
}.Build();
 
// 暗黙的な型変換を使えばBuildメソッドも不要になる(私はvarのほうが好みですが)
Hoge hoge = new HogeBuilder
{
    Age = 10,
    Name = "hogehoge"
};

<#@ assembly Name="System.Core.dll" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text.RegularExpressions" #>
<#@ output extension="Generated.cs" #>
<#
    // 設定：クラス名はそのまま文字列で入力
    // クラスの持つ変数は、コンストラクタに書くみたいにdeffinesに
    // "string hoge","int huga" といった形で並べてください
    // usingとnamespaceは、直下の出力部を直に弄ってください
    // partial classなので、これをベースにメソッドを足す場合は別ファイルにpartialで定義することを推奨します
    // Code Contractsに関わる部分は(ContractVerification属性とContract.EndContractBlock())は、
    // 対象がWindows Phone 7などContractが入っていない環境下では削除してください（通常の.NET 4環境では放置で大丈夫）
 
    var className = "Person";
    var deffines = new DeffineList {
        "string name",
        "DateTime birth",
        "string address"
    };
#>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 
namespace Neue.Test
{
    [DebuggerDisplay(@"<#= deffines.DebuggerDisplay #>", Type = "<#= className #>")]
    public partial class <#= className #> : IEquatable<<#= className #>>
    {
<# foreach(var x in deffines) {#>
        [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
        private readonly <#= x.TypeName #> <#= x.FieldName #>;
        public <#= x.TypeName #> <#= x.PropName #> { get { return <#= x.FieldName #>; } }
<# } #>
 
        private <#= className #>(<#= deffines.Constructor #>)
        {
<# foreach(var x in deffines) {#>
            this.<#= x.FieldName #> = <#= x.FieldName #>;
<# } #>
        }
 
        [ContractVerification(false)]
        public static implicit operator Person(Builder builder)
        {
            return builder.Build();
        }
 
        public bool Equals(<#= className #> other)
        {
            if (other == null || GetType() != other.GetType()) return false;
            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;
            return EqualityComparer<<#= deffines.First().TypeName #>>.Default.Equals(<#= deffines.First().FieldName #>, other.<#= deffines.First().FieldName #>)
<# foreach(var x in deffines.Skip(1)) {#>
                && EqualityComparer<<#= x.TypeName #>>.Default.Equals(<#= x.FieldName #>, other.<#= x.FieldName #>)
<# } #>
                ;
        }
 
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            var other = obj as <#= className #>;
            return (other != null) ? Equals(other) : false;
        }
 
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            var hash = 0xf937b6f;
<# foreach(var x in deffines) {#>
            hash = (-1521134295 * hash) + EqualityComparer<<#= x.TypeName #>>.Default.GetHashCode(<#= x.FieldName #>);
<# } #>
            return hash;
        }
 
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "{ " + "<#= deffines.First().PropName #> = " + <#= deffines.First().FieldName #> +
<# foreach(var x in deffines.Skip(1)) {#>
                ", <#= x.PropName #> = " + <#= x.FieldName #> +
<# } #>
                " }";
        }
 
        public class Builder
        {
<# foreach(var x in deffines) {#>
            public <#= x.TypeName #> <#= x.PropName #> { private get; set; }
<# } #>
 
            public <#= className #> Build()
            {
<# foreach(var x in deffines) {#>
                if ((object)<#= x.PropName #> == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("<#= x.PropName #>");
<# } #>
                Contract.EndContractBlock();
                return new <#= className #>(<#= string.Join(", ", deffines.Select(d => d.PropName)) #>);
            }
        }
    }
}
<#+
    class Deffine
    {
        public string TypeName, FieldName, PropName;
 
        public Deffine(string constructorParam)
        {
            var split = constructorParam.Split(' ');
            this.TypeName = split.First();
            this.FieldName = Regex.Replace(split.Last(),  "^(.)", m => m.Groups[1].Value.ToLower());
            this.PropName = Regex.Replace(FieldName, "^(.)", m => m.Groups[1].Value.ToUpper());
        }
    }
 
    class DeffineList : IEnumerable<Deffine>
    {
        private List<Deffine> list = new List<Deffine>();
 
        public void Add(string constructorParam)
        {
            list.Add(new Deffine(constructorParam));
        }        
 
        public string DebuggerDisplay
        {
            get
            {
                return "\\{ " + string.Join(", ", list.Select(d =>
                    string.Format("{0} = {{{1}}}", d.PropName, d.FieldName))) + " }";
            }
        }
 
        public string Constructor
        {
            get { return string.Join(", ", list.Select(d => d.TypeName + " " + d.FieldName)); }
        }
 
        public IEnumerator<Deffine> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return list.GetEnumerator();
        }
 
        System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }
    }
#>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 
namespace Neue.Test
{
    [DebuggerDisplay(@"\{ Name = {name}, Birth = {birth}, Address = {address} }", Type = "Person")]
    public partial class Person : IEquatable<Person>
    {
        [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
        private readonly string name;
        public string Name { get { return name; } }
        [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
        private readonly DateTime birth;
        public DateTime Birth { get { return birth; } }
        [DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)]
        private readonly string address;
        public string Address { get { return address; } }
 
        private Person(string name, DateTime birth, string address)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.birth = birth;
            this.address = address;
        }
 
        [ContractVerification(false)]
        public static implicit operator Person(Builder builder)
        {
            return builder.Build();
        }
 
        public bool Equals(Person other)
        {
            if (other == null || GetType() != other.GetType()) return false;
            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;
            return EqualityComparer<string>.Default.Equals(name, other.name)
                && EqualityComparer<DateTime>.Default.Equals(birth, other.birth)
                && EqualityComparer<string>.Default.Equals(address, other.address)
                ;
        }
 
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            var other = obj as Person;
            return (other != null) ? Equals(other) : false;
        }
 
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            var hash = 0xf937b6f;
            hash = (-1521134295 * hash) + EqualityComparer<string>.Default.GetHashCode(name);
            hash = (-1521134295 * hash) + EqualityComparer<DateTime>.Default.GetHashCode(birth);
            hash = (-1521134295 * hash) + EqualityComparer<string>.Default.GetHashCode(address);
            return hash;
        }
 
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "{ " + "Name = " + name +
                ", Birth = " + birth +
                ", Address = " + address +
                " }";
        }
 
        public class Builder
        {
            public string Name { private get; set; }
            public DateTime Birth { private get; set; }
            public string Address { private get; set; }
 
            public Person Build()
            {
                if ((object)Name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Name");
                if ((object)Birth == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Birth");
                if ((object)Address == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Address");
                Contract.EndContractBlock();
                return new Person(Name, Birth, Address);
            }
        }
    }
}

// 書くときはこんな風にやります
var person1 = new Person.Builder
{
    Name = "hoge",
    Birth = new DateTime(1999, 12, 12),
    Address = "Tokyo"
}.Build();
 
// 暗黙的な型変換も実装されているので、.Buildメソッドの省略も可
Person person2 = new Person.Builder
{
    Name = "hoge",
    Birth = new DateTime(1999, 12, 12),
    Address = "Tokyo"
};
 
// 参照ではなく、全てのフィールドの値の同値性で比較される
Console.WriteLine(person1.Equals(person2)); // true

// Person.csという形で別ファイルで追加
using System;
 
namespace Neue.Test
{
    public partial class Person
    {
        public int GetAge(DateTime target)
        {
            return (target.Year - birth.Year);
        }
    }
}

class MyClass
{
   public int i;
 
   public override int GetHashCode()
   {
       return i;
   }
}
 
static void Main(string[] args)
{
   var anon = new { MC = new MyClass { i = 100 } };
   var hashCode1 = anon.GetHashCode();
 
   anon.MC.i = 1000; // 変更
   var hashCode2 = anon.GetHashCode();
 
   Console.WriteLine(hashCode1 == hashCode2); // false
   Console.WriteLine(hashCode1);
   Console.WriteLine(hashCode2);
}

<#@ assembly Name="System.Core.dll" #>
<#@ assembly Name="System.Windows.Forms.dll" #>
<#@ assembly Name="C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Xaml.dll" #>
<#@ assembly Name="C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\PresentationCore.dll" #>
<#@ assembly Name="C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\PresentationFramework.dll" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text.RegularExpressions" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Reflection" #>
<#
    // 設定：ここに生成したいクラス(のTypeをFullNameで)を足してください(以下の4つは例)
    // クラスによってはassemblyの増減が必要です、WPF/Silverlightなどはフルパス直書きしてください
    var types = new[] {
        typeof(System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection<>),
        typeof(System.Windows.Forms.Button),
        typeof(System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.TextBoxBase),
        typeof(System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.ButtonBase)
    };
#>
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
<# foreach(var x in GenerateTemplates(types)) {#>
 
namespace <#= x.Namespace #>
{
    <# foreach(var ct in x.ClassTemplates) {#>
 
    internal static class <#= ct.Classname #>EventExtensions
    {
        <# foreach(var ev in ct.EventTemplates) {#>
 
        public static IObservable<IEvent<<#= ev.Args #>>> <#= ev.Name #>AsObservable<#= ct.GenericArgs #>(this <#= ct.Classname #><#= ct.GenericArgs #> source)
        {
            return Observable.FromEvent<<#= ev.Handler + (ev.IsGeneric ? "<" + ev.Args + ">" : "") #>, <#= ev.Args #>>(
                h => <#= ev.IsGeneric ? "h" : "new " + ev.Handler + "(h)" #>,
                h => source.<#= ev.Name #> += h,
                h => source.<#= ev.Name #> -= h);
        }
        <# } #>
    }
    <# }#>
}
<# }#>
<#+
    IEnumerable<T> TraverseNode<T>(T root, Func<T, T> selector)
    {
        var current = root;
        while (current != null)
        {
            yield return current;
            current = selector(current);
        }
    }
 
    IEnumerable<ObservableTemplate> GenerateTemplates(Type[] types)
    {
        return types.SelectMany(t => TraverseNode(t, x => x.BaseType))
            .Distinct()
            .GroupBy(t => t.Namespace)
            .Select(g => new ObservableTemplate
            {
                Namespace = g.Key,
                ClassTemplates = g.Select(t => new ClassTemplate(t))
                    .Where(t => t.EventTemplates.Any())
                    .ToArray()
            })
            .Where(a => a.ClassTemplates.Any())
            .OrderBy(a => a.Namespace);
    }
 
    class ObservableTemplate
    {
        public string Namespace;
        public ClassTemplate[] ClassTemplates;
    }
 
    class ClassTemplate
    {
        public string Classname, GenericArgs;
        public EventTemplate[] EventTemplates;
 
        public ClassTemplate(Type type)
        {
            Classname = Regex.Replace(type.Name, "`.*$", "");
            GenericArgs = type.IsGenericType
                ? "<" + string.Join(",", type.GetGenericArguments().Select((_, i) => "T" + (i + 1))) + ">"
                : "";
            EventTemplates = type.GetEvents(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance)
                .Select(ei => new { EventInfo = ei, Args = ei.EventHandlerType.GetMethod("Invoke").GetParameters().Last().ParameterType })
                .Where(a => a.Args == typeof(EventArgs) || a.Args.IsSubclassOf(typeof(EventArgs)))
                .Select(a => new EventTemplate
                {
                    Name = a.EventInfo.Name,
                    Handler = Regex.Replace(a.EventInfo.EventHandlerType.FullName, "`.*$", ""),
                    Args = a.Args.FullName,
                    IsGeneric = a.EventInfo.EventHandlerType.IsGenericType
                })
                .ToArray();
        }
    }
 
    class EventTemplate
    {
        public string Name, Args, Handler;
        public bool IsGeneric;
    }
#>

// こんなのが生成されます
 
namespace System.Collections.ObjectModel
{
    internal static class ObservableCollectionEventExtensions
    {
        public static IObservable<IEvent<System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs>> CollectionChangedAsObservable<T1>(this ObservableCollection<T1> source)
        {
            return Observable.FromEvent<System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler, System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs>(
                h => new System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler(h),
                h => source.CollectionChanged += h,
                h => source.CollectionChanged -= h);
        }
    }
}
 
namespace System.ComponentModel
{
    internal static class ComponentEventExtensions
    {
        public static IObservable<IEvent<System.EventArgs>> DisposedAsObservable(this Component source)
        {
            return Observable.FromEvent<System.EventHandler, System.EventArgs>(
                h => new System.EventHandler(h),
                h => source.Disposed += h,
                h => source.Disposed -= h);
        }
    }
 
    // 以下略

public class MyClass
{
    public string GetString(string unya)
    {
        return (unya == "unya") ? null : "hoge";
    }
    public IEnumerable<int> GetEnumerable()
    {
        yield return 1;
        yield return 2;
        yield return 3;
    }
}

[TestMethod()] 
public void GetStringTest() 
{ 
    MyClass target = new MyClass(); 
    string unya = "unya"; 
    string expected = null; 
    string actual; 
    actual = target.GetString(unya); 
    Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); 
 
    expected = "hoge"; 
    actual = target.GetString("aaaaa"); 
    Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); 
} 
 
[TestMethod()] 
public void GetEnumerableTest() 
{ 
    MyClass target = new MyClass(); 
    IEnumerable<int> expected = new[] { 1, 2, 3 }; 
    IEnumerable<int> actual; 
    actual = target.GetEnumerable(); 
    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray()); 
}

[TestMethod()]
public void GetStringTest()
{
    // 1. 全オブジェクトに対して拡張メソッドIsが定義されててAssert.AreEqualされる
    // 2. ラムダ式も使えるので、andやorや複雑な比較などはラムダ式でまかなえる
    // 3. nullはIs()で（本当はIs(null)でやりたかったのだけど、都合上断念)
    new MyClass().GetString("aaaaa").Is("hoge");
    new MyClass().GetString("aaaaa").Is(s => s.StartsWith("h") && s.EndsWith("e"));
    new MyClass().GetString("unya").Is();
}
 
[TestMethod()]
public void GetEnumerableTest()
{
    // 対象がIEnumerableの場合はCollectionAssert.Equalsで比較されます
    // 可変長配列を受け入れることが出来るので直書き可
    new MyClass().GetEnumerable().Is(1, 2, 3);
}

Assert.AreEqual(new MyClass().GetString("aaaaa"), "hoge");

var expected = "hoge";
var actual = new MyClass().GetString("aaaaa")
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);

// コレクション初期化子を使ってパラメータを生成します
new Test.Case<int, int, int>
{
    {1, 2, 3},
    {100, 200, 500},
    {10000, 20, 30}
}
.Select(t => t.Item1 + t.Item2 + t.Item3)
.Is(6, 800, 10050);

<#@ assembly Name="System.Core.dll" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
 
namespace Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting
{
    public static class Test
    {
        // extensions
 
        /// <summary>IsNull</summary>
        public static void Is<T>(this T value)
        {
            Assert.IsNull(value);
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this T actual, T expected, string message = "")
        {
            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, message);
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this T actual, Func<T, bool> expected, string message = "")
        {
            Assert.IsTrue(expected(actual), message);
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, IEnumerable<T> expected, string message = "")
        {
            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray(), message);
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, params T[] expected)
        {
            Is(actual, expected.AsEnumerable());
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, IEnumerable<Func<T, bool>> expected)
        {
            var count = 0;
            foreach (var cond in actual.Zip(expected, (v, pred) => pred(v)))
            {
                Assert.IsTrue(cond, "Index = " + count++);
            }
        }
 
        public static void Is<T>(this IEnumerable<T> actual, params Func<T, bool>[] expected)
        {
            Is(actual, expected.AsEnumerable());
        }
 
        // generator
 
<#
for(var i = 1; i < 8; i++)
{
#>
 
        public class Case<#= MakeT(i) #> : IEnumerable<Tuple<#= MakeT(i) #>>
        {
            List<Tuple<#= MakeT(i) #>> tuples = new List<Tuple<#= MakeT(i) #>>();
 
            public void Add(<#= MakeArgs(i) #>)
            {
                tuples.Add(Tuple.Create(<#= MakeParams(i) #>));
            }
 
            public IEnumerator<Tuple<#= MakeT(i) #>> GetEnumerator() { return tuples.GetEnumerator(); }
            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return GetEnumerator(); }
        }
<#
}
#>
    }
}
<#+
     string MakeT(int count)
     {
          return "<" + String.Join(", ", Enumerable.Range(1, count).Select(i => "T" + i)) + ">";
     }
 
     string MakeArgs(int count)
     {
          return String.Join(", ", Enumerable.Range(1, count).Select(i => "T" + i + " item" + i));
     }
 
     string MakeParams(int count)
     {
          return String.Join(", ", Enumerable.Range(1, count).Select(i => "item" + i));
     }
#>

// Rxの出来る事その1. イベントのLinq化 
var button = new Button(); // WPFのButton
Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(button, "Click")
   .Subscribe(ev => Debug.WriteLine(ev.EventArgs));
 
// Rxの出来る事その2. 非同期のLinq化
Func<int, int> func = i => i * 100; // intを100倍する関数
Observable.FromAsyncPattern<int, int>(func.BeginInvoke, func.EndInvoke)
   .Invoke(5) // Invokeで非同期関数実行開始(Invokeは任意のタイミングで可)
   .Subscribe(i => Debug.WriteLine(i)); // 500
 
// Rxの出来る事その3. 時間のLinq化
Observable.Timer(TimeSpan.Zero, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))
   .Subscribe(l => Debug.WriteLine(l)); // 5秒毎に発火
 
// Rxの出来る事その4. Pull型のPush型への変換
var source = new[] { 1, 10, 100, 1000 };
source.ToObservable()
   .Subscribe(i => Debug.WriteLine(i));

// 大抵の生成メソッドはISchedulerを受けるオーバーロードを持つ
// それに対してSchedulerを渡すと、実行スレッドを決定出来る
Observable.Range(1, 10, Scheduler.CurrentThread);
Observable.Interval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), Scheduler.ThreadPool);

// WPFでbutton1というボタンとtextBlock1というtextBlockがあるとする
Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(button1, "Click")
    .ObserveOn(Scheduler.ThreadPool) // 重い処理をUIスレッドでするのを避けるためThreadPoolへ対比
    .Do(_ => Thread.Sleep(3000)) // 猛烈に重い処理をすることをシミュレート
    .ObserveOnDispatcher() // Dispatcherに戻す
    .Subscribe(_ => textBlock1.Text = "clickした"); // UIスレッドのものを触るのでThreadPool上からだと例外

// Buttonのイベントをイメージ
var buttonA = new Subject<int>();
var buttonB = new Subject<int>();
 
// Zipの動きを確認してみる……
buttonA.Zip(buttonB, (a, b) => new { a, b })
   .Subscribe(a => Console.WriteLine(a));
 
buttonA.OnNext(1); // ボタンClickをイメージ
buttonA.OnNext(2); // Subscribeへ値が届くのはいつ？
buttonB.OnNext(10); // デバッグのステップ実行で一行ずつ確認
 
buttonA.OnCompleted(); // 片方が完了したら
buttonB.OnNext(3); // もう片方にClickが入ったときZipはどういう挙動する？

イベント(hot)
   FromEvent - 文字列で与える以外のやり方もありますよ
 
非同期系(hot/cold)
   Start - ToAsync().Invoke()の省略形
   ToAsync - 拡張メソッドとしてじゃなくそのまま使うのが型推論効いて素敵
   FromAsyncPattern - ToAsyncも結局これの省略形なだけだったりする
   ForkJoin - 非同期処理が全て完了するのを待ち合わせて結果をまとめて返す
 
Enumerableっぽいの系(cold)
   Range - いつもの
   Return - ようするにRepeat(element, 1)
   Repeat - 無限リピートもあるよ
   ToObservable - pull to push
   Generate - ようするにUnfold(と言われても困る？)
   Using - 無限リピートリソース管理付き
 
Timer系(cold)
   Timer - 実はcold
   Interval - Timer(period, period)の省略形なだけだったり
   GenerateWithTime - 引数地獄
 
空っぽ系(cold)
   Empty - OnCompletedだけ発動
   Throw - OnErrorだけ発動
   Never - 本当に何もしない
 
その他
   Defer - 生成の遅延
   Create - 自作したい場合に(戻り値はDispose時の実行関数を返す)
   CreateWithDisposable - 同じく、ただし戻り値はIDisposableを返す

合成系
   SelectMany - Enumerableと同じ感じですが、Rxでは合成のように機能する
   Zip - 左右のイベントが揃ったらイベント発行（揃うまでQueueでキャッシュしてる）
   CombineLatest - 最新のキャッシュと結合することで毎回イベント発行
   Merge - Y字みたいなイメージで、左右の線を一本に連結
   Join(Plan/And/Then) - Joinパターンとかいう奴らしいですが、Zipの強化版みたいな
   Concat - 末尾に接続
   StartWith - 最初に接続
 
時間系
   Delay - 値を一定時間遅延させる、coldに使うと微妙なことになるので注意
   Sample - 一定時間毎に、通過していた最新の値だけを出す
   Throttle - 一定時間、値が通過していなければ、その時の最新の値を出す
   TimeInterval - 値と前回の時間との差分を包んだオブジェクトを返す
   RemoveTimeInterval - 包んだオブジェクトを削除して値のみに戻す
   Timestamp - 値と通過した時間で包んだオブジェクトを返す
   RemoveTimestamp - 包んだオブジェクトを削除して値のみに戻す
   Timeout - 一定時間値が来なければTimeoutExceptionを出す
 
Connectable系(ColdをHotに変換する、細部挙動はSubjectでイメージするといい)
   Publish - Subjectを使ったもの(引数によってはBehaviorSubject)
   Prune - AsyncSubjectを使ったもの
   Replay  - ReplaySubjectを使ったもの
 
Enumerableに変換系(Push to Pull、使い道わかりません)
   Next - MoveNext後に同期的にブロックして値が来るまで待機
   Latest - 値を一つキャッシュするNext(キャッシュが切れると待機)
   MostRecent - ブロックなしでキャッシュを返し続ける
 
例外ハンドリング系
   OnErrorResumeNext - 例外来たら握りつぶして予備シーケンスへ移す
   Catch - 対象例外が来たら握りつぶして次へ
   Finally - 例外などで止まっても最後に必ず実行するのがOnCompletedとの違い
 
実行スレッド変更系
   SubscribeOn - メソッド全体の実行スレッドを変える
   ObserveOn - 以降に流れる値の実行スレッドを変える
 
クエリ系
   Select - 射影(SelectManyはこっちじゃないのって話ももも)
   Where - フィルタリング
   Scan - Aggregateの経過も列挙するバージョン、一つ過去の値を持てるというのが重要
   Scan0 - seed含む
   GroupBy - グルーピング、なのだけどIGroupedObservableは扱いが少し面倒かなあ
   BufferWithCount - 個数分だけListにまとめる
   BufferWithTime - 一定時間内の分だけListにまとめる
   BufferWithTimeOrCount - そのまんま、上二つが合わさったの
   DistinctUntilChanged - 連続して同じ値が来た場合は流さない
 
すっとばす系
   Skip - N個飛ばす
   SkipWhile - 条件に引っかかる間は飛ばす
   SkipLast - 最後N個を飛ばす(Lastを除いたTakeという趣向)
   SkipUntil - 右辺のOnNextを察知する「まで」は飛ばす
   Take - N個取る
   TakeWhile - 条件に引っかかる間は取る
   TakeLast - 最後N個だけを取る
   TakeUntil - 右辺のOnNextを察知する「まで」は取る
 
Aggregate系
   AggregateとかAllとかSumとかEnumerableにもある色々 - 値が確定したとき一つだけ流れてくる
 
変換系
   ToEnumerable - 同期的にブロックしてIEnumerableに変換する、Hotだと一生戻ってこない
   ToQbservable - IQueryableのデュアルらしい、完全にイミフすぎてヤバい
   Start - ListなんだけどObservableという微妙な状態のものに変換する
 
その他
   Materiallize - OnNext,OnError,OnCompletedをNotificationにマテリア化
   Dematerialize - マテリア化解除
   Repeat - OnCompletedが来ると最初から繰り返し
   Let - 一時変数いらず
   Switch - SelectMany書かなくていいよ的なの
   AsObservable - IObservableにラップ、Subjectと合わせてどうぞ

public MainPage()
{
    InitializeComponent();
 
    var wc = new WebClient();
    wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result); // e.ResultにStreamが入ってる
        MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()); // 確認
    };
    wc.OpenReadAsync(new Uri("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml")); // 非同期読み込み呼び出し開始
}

var wc = new WebClient();
wc.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false; // デフォはtrueでバッファリングあり、今回はfalseに変更
wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    try
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result); // ここで例外出るよ！
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        // Read is not supporeted on the main thread when buffering is disabled.
        MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
    }
};

wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(_ =>
    {
        try
        {
            var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result);
            MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()); // 今度はここで例外！
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            // Invalid cross-thread access.
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }
    });
};

wc.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, e) =>
{
    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(_ =>
    {
        var elem = XElement.Load(e.Result);
        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(elem.ToString()));
    });
};

var wc = new WebClient { AllowReadStreamBuffering = false };
 
Observable.FromEvent<OpenReadCompletedEventArgs>(wc, "OpenReadCompleted")
    .ObserveOn(Scheduler.ThreadPool) // ThreadPoolで動かすようにする
    .Select(e => XElement.Load(e.EventArgs.Result))
    .ObserveOnDispatcher() // UIスレッドに戻す
    .Subscribe(x => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));
 
wc.OpenReadAsync(new Uri("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml"));

var req = WebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
req.BeginGetResponse(ar =>
{
    using (var res = req.EndGetResponse(ar))
    using (var stream = res.GetResponseStream())
    {
        var x = XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream());
        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));
    }
}, null);

var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
 
Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)
    .Invoke() // 非同期実行開始(Invoke()じゃなくて()でもOKです、ただのDelegateなので)
    .Select(res => XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
    .Subscribe(x => MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()));

<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
 
    <Button Grid.Row="0" Height="72" Width="200" Content="Reload" Name="Reload"></Button>
    <ListBox Grid.Row="1" Name="TweetList" DataContext="{Binding}">
        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                    <Image Source="{Binding Image}" Height="73" Width="73" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
                    <StackPanel Width="350">
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Foreground="Red" />
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Text}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
                    </StackPanel>
                </StackPanel>
            </DataTemplate>
        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
    </ListBox>
</Grid>

public class TwitterStatus
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Image { get; set; }
 
    public TwitterStatus(XElement element)
    {
        Id = (long)element.Element("id");
        Text = (string)element.Element("text");
        Name = (string)element.Element("user").Element("screen_name");
        Image = (string)element.Element("user").Element("profile_image_url");
    }
}
 
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
    public MainPage()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        Reload.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(Reload_Click); // XAMLに書いてもいいんですけど。
    }
 
    void Reload_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
        req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
 
        Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)
            .Invoke()
            .Select(res => XElement.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
            .Select(x => x.Descendants("status").Select(xe => new TwitterStatus(xe)))
            .ObserveOnDispatcher()
            .Subscribe(ts => TweetList.ItemsSource = ts);
    }
}

// 30秒毎もしくはリロードボタンクリックでPublicTimeLineを更新
Observable.Merge(
        Observable.Timer(TimeSpan.Zero, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), Scheduler.NewThread).Select(_ => (object)_),
        Observable.FromEvent<RoutedEventArgs>(Reload, "Click").Select(_ => (object)_))
    .SelectMany(_ =>
    {
        var req = HttpWebRequest.CreateHttp("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
        req.AllowReadStreamBuffering = false;
        return Observable.FromAsyncPattern<WebResponse>(req.BeginGetResponse, req.EndGetResponse)();
    })
    .Select(res => XStreamingReader.Load(res.GetResponseStream()))
    .SelectMany(x => x
        .Descendants("status")
        .Select(xe => new TwitterStatus(xe))
        .Reverse()) // 古い順にする
    .Scan((before, current) => before.Id > current.Id ? before : current) // 最後に通した記事よりも古ければ通さない(で、同じ記事を返す)
    .DistinctUntilChanged(t => t.Id) // 同じ記事が連続して来た場合は何もしないでreturn
    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
    .Subscribe(t => TweetList.Items.Insert(0, t)); // Insertだって...

// XElement
var kyoto = XElement.Load(@"http://rss.weather.yahoo.co.jp/rss/days/6100.xml")
    .Descendants("item")
    .Select(x => new
    {
        Title = (string)x.Element("title"),
        Description = (string)x.Element("description"),
        PubDate = (DateTime)x.Element("pubDate")
    })
    .Where(a => !a.Title.StartsWith("[PR]")) // itemが広告の場合は除外
    .ToArray();
 
// XStreamingReader
var tokyo = XStreamingReader.Load(@"http://rss.weather.yahoo.co.jp/rss/days/4410.xml")
    .Descendants("item")
    .Select(x => new
    {
        Title = (string)x.Element("title"),
        Description = (string)x.Element("description"),
        PubDate = (DateTime)x.Element("pubDate")
    })
    .Where(a => !a.Title.StartsWith("[PR]")) // itemが広告の場合は除外
    .ToArray();

public IEnumerable<XElement> Descendants(XName name)
{
    using (var reader = readerFactory())
    {
        while (reader.ReadToFollowing(name.LocalName, name.NamespaceName))
        {
            yield return XElement.Load(reader.ReadSubtree());
        }
    }
}

string XmlString = new WebClient().DownloadString("http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml");
const string DescendantsName = "status"; // select class root
const string Namespace = "Twitter"; // namespace

namespace Twitter
{
    public class Status
    {
        public string CreatedAt { get; set; }
        public string Id { get; set; }
        // snip...
        public User User { get; set; }
        public string Geo { get; set; }
 
        public Status(XElement element)
        {
            this.CreatedAt = (string)element.Element("created_at");
            this.Id = (string)element.Element("id");
            this.User = new User(element.Element("user"));
            this.Geo = (string)element.Element("geo");
        }
    }
 
    public class User
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string ScreenName { get; set; }
        // snip...
        public string FollowRequestSent { get; set; }
 
        public User(XElement element)
        {
            this.Id = (string)element.Element("id");
            this.Name = (string)element.Element("name");
            this.ScreenName = (string)element.Element("screen_name");
            this.FollowRequestSent = (string)element.Element("follow_request_sent");
        }
    }
}

// わざとらしい例ですが
var q = Regex.Matches("aag0 hag5 zag2", @"(.)ag(\d)")
    .Cast<Match>()
    .SelectMany(m => m.Groups.Cast<Group>().Skip(1).Select(g => g.Value))
    .ToArray(); // a0h5z2

public static class MatchCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TResult>(this MatchCollection source, Func<Match, TResult> selector)
    {
        return source.Cast<Match>().Select(selector);
    }
 
    // Where, Aggregate, ....
}

var extMethods = typeof(Enumerable)
    .GetMethods()
    .Where(mi => Attribute.IsDefined(mi, typeof(ExtensionAttribute)));

var returnType = extMethods
    .Select(mi => mi.ReturnType)
    .Select(mi => Regex.Replace(mi.Name, "`.*$", "")
        + (mi.IsGenericType ? ("<" + string.Join(", ", mi.GetGenericArguments().Select(t => t.Name)) + ">") : ""));

<#@ template language="C#" #>
<#@ output extension="cs" #>
<#@ assembly Name="System.Core.dll" #>
<#@ import namespace="System" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Runtime.CompilerServices" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text.RegularExpressions" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Reflection" #>
<#
    var target = new Dictionary<string, string>
    {
        {"MatchCollection", "Match"},
        {"GroupCollection", "Group"},
        {"CaptureCollection", "Capture"}
    };
#>
<#
    var ignoreMethods = new HashSet<string>
    {
        "Max", "Min", "Average", "Sum", "Zip", "OfType", "Cast",
        "Join", "GroupJoin", "ThenBy", "ThenByDescending", "LongCount"
    };
#>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
 
namespace System.Text.RegularExpressions
{
<#
foreach (var kvp in target)
{
#>
    public static class <#= kvp.Key.Replace(".","") #>Extensions
    {
<#
foreach (var methodInfo in typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods().Where(mi => Attribute.IsDefined(mi, typeof(ExtensionAttribute))))
{
    if(ignoreMethods.Contains(methodInfo.Name)) continue;
#>
        public static <#= MakeReturnType(methodInfo, kvp.Value) #> <#= methodInfo.Name #><#= MakeGenericArguments(methodInfo) #>(this <#= kvp.Key #> source<#= MakeParameters(methodInfo, kvp.Value) #>)
        {
            return source.Cast<<#= kvp.Value #>>().<#= MakeMethodBody(methodInfo) #>;
        }
 
<#}#>
    }
<#}#>
}
<#+
    const string TSource = "TSource";
 
    static string ConstructTypeString(Type type, string castType)
    {
        var result = type.Name.Contains(TSource)
            ? type.Name.Replace(TSource, castType)
            : Regex.Replace(type.Name, "`.*$", "");
 
        if (type.IsGenericType)
        {
            result += string.Format("<{0}>", string.Join(", ", type.GetGenericArguments().Select(t => ConstructTypeString(t, castType))));
        }
        return result;
    }
 
    static string MakeReturnType(MethodInfo info, string castType)
    {
        return ConstructTypeString(info.ReturnType, castType);
    }
 
    static string MakeGenericArguments(MethodInfo info)
    {
        var types = info.GetGenericArguments().Select(t => t.Name).Where(s => s != TSource);
        return types.Any() ? string.Format("<{0}>", string.Join(", ", types)) : "";
    }
 
    static string MakeParameters(MethodInfo info, string castType)
    {
        var param = info.GetParameters()
            .Skip(1)
            .Select(pi => new { pi.Name, ParameterType = ConstructTypeString(pi.ParameterType, castType) });
 
        return param.Any()
            ? ", " + string.Join(", ", param.Select(a => a.ParameterType + " " + a.Name))
            : "";
    }
 
    static string MakeMethodBody(MethodInfo info)
    {
        var args = info.GetParameters().Skip(1).Select(pi => pi.Name);
        return string.Format("{0}({1})", info.Name, args.Any() ? string.Join(", ", args) : "");
    }
#>

public static IEnumerable<TR> Select<T, TR>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, TR> selector)
{
    foreach (var item in source)
    {
        yield return selector(item);
    }
}

public static IEnumerable<TR> Select<T, TR>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, TR> selector)
{
    return new SelectEnumerable<TR>(); // 本当は引数も必要ですが省略
}
 
class SelectEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return new SelectEnumerator<T>();
    }
    // 以下略
    // IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
}
 
class SelectEnumerator<T> : IEnumerator<T>
{
    // Current, Dispose, MoveNextが必要ですが略
}

public static IEnumerable<TR> Select<T, TR>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, TR> selector)
{
    return new AnonymousEnumerable<TR>(() =>
    {
        var enumerator = source.GetEnumerator();
        return new AnonymousEnumerator<TR>(
            () => enumerator.MoveNext(),
            () => selector(enumerator.Current),
            () => enumerator.Dispose()
        );
    });
}

public class AnonymousObservable<T> : IObservable<T>
{
    Func<IObserver<T>, IDisposable> subscribe;
 
    public AnonymousObservable(Func<IObserver<T>, IDisposable> subscribe)
    {
        this.subscribe = subscribe;
    }
 
    public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<T> observer)
    {
        return subscribe(observer);
    }
}
 
public class AnonymousObserver<T> : IObserver<T>
{
    Action<T> onNext;
    Action<Exception> onError;
    Action onCompleted;
 
    public AnonymousObserver(Action<T> onNext, Action<Exception> onError, Action onCompleted)
    {
        this.onNext = onNext;
        this.onError = onError;
        this.onCompleted = onCompleted;
    }
 
    public void OnCompleted()
    {
        onCompleted();
    }
 
    public void OnError(Exception error)
    {
        onError(error);
    }
 
    public void OnNext(T value)
    {
        onNext(value);
    }
}
 
public class AnonymousDisposable : IDisposable
{
    Action dispose;
    bool isDisposed = false;
 
    public AnonymousDisposable(Action dispose)
    {
        this.dispose = dispose;
    }
 
    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (!isDisposed)
        {
            isDisposed = true;
            dispose();
        }
    }
}

public static IObservable<R> Select<T, TR>(this IObservable<T> source, Func<T, TR> selector)
{
    return new AnonymousObservable<TR>(observer => source.Subscribe(
        new AnonymousObserver<T>(
            t => observer.OnNext(selector(t)),
            observer.OnError,
            observer.OnCompleted)));
}

Observable.Range(1, 10) // これがsource
    .Select(i => i * i)
    .Subscribe(i => Console.WriteLine(i)); // これがobserver

public static IObservable<T> Where<T>(this IObservable<T> source, Func<T, bool> predicate)
{
    return new AnonymousObservable<T>(observer => source.Subscribe(
        new AnonymousObserver<T>(
            t => { if (predicate(t)) observer.OnNext(t); },
            observer.OnError,
            observer.OnCompleted)));
}

public static IObservable<T> ToObservable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
    return new AnonymousObservable<T>(observer =>
    {
        var isErrorOccured = false;
        try
        {
            foreach (var item in source)
            {
                observer.OnNext(item);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            isErrorOccured = true;
            observer.OnError(e);
        }
        if (!isErrorOccured) observer.OnCompleted();
 
        return new AnonymousDisposable(() => { });
    });
}

public class EventSample
{
    public event EventHandler BlankEH;
    public event EventHandler<SampleEventArgs> GenericEH;
    public event SampleEventHandler SampleEH;
}
 
public class SampleEventArgs : EventArgs { }
public delegate void SampleEventHandler(object sender, SampleEventArgs e);
 
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var sample = new EventSample();
    // 1. EventHandlerに対応するもの
    Observable.FromEvent(
        h => sample.BlankEH += h, h => sample.BlankEH -= h);
    // 2. EventHandler<EventArgs>に対応するもの
    Observable.FromEvent<SampleEventArgs>(
        h => sample.GenericEH += h, h => sample.GenericEH -= h);
    // 3. 独自EventHandlerに対応するもの
    Observable.FromEvent<SampleEventHandler, SampleEventArgs>(
        h => new SampleEventHandler(h),
        h => sample.SampleEH += h, h => sample.SampleEH -= h);
    // 4. リフレクション
    Observable.FromEvent<SampleEventArgs>(sample, "GenericEH");
    Observable.FromEvent<SampleEventArgs>(sample, "SampleEH");
}

public interface IEvent<TEventArgs> where TEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    object Sender { get; }
    TEventArgs EventArgs { get; }
}
 
public class AnonymousEvent<TEventArgs> : IEvent<TEventArgs> where TEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    readonly object sender;
    readonly TEventArgs eventArgs;
 
    public AnonymousEvent(object sender, TEventArgs eventArgs)
    {
        this.sender = sender;
        this.eventArgs = eventArgs;
    }
 
    public object Sender
    {
        get { return sender; }
    }
 
    public TEventArgs EventArgs
    {
        get { return eventArgs; }
    }
}
 
public static IObservable<IEvent<TEventArgs>> FromEvent<TDelegate, TEventArgs>(
    Func<EventHandler<TEventArgs>, TDelegate> conversion,
    Action<TDelegate> addHandler,
    Action<TDelegate> removeHandler) where TEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    return new AnonymousObservable<IEvent<TEventArgs>>(observer =>
    {
        var handler = conversion((sender, e) =>
        {
            observer.OnNext(new AnonymousEvent<TEventArgs>(sender, e));
        });
        addHandler(handler);
        return new AnonymousDisposable(() => removeHandler(handler));
    });
}

// 実行例としてObservableCollectionなどを用意。
var collection = new ObservableCollection<int>();
 
var collectionChanged = Observable.FromEvent<NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs>(
            h => new NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler(h),
            h => collection.CollectionChanged += h,
            h => collection.CollectionChanged -= h)
        .Select(e => (int)e.EventArgs.NewItems[0]);
 
// attach
collectionChanged.Subscribe(new AnonymousObserver<int>(i => Console.WriteLine(i), e => { }, () => { }));
collectionChanged.Subscribe(new AnonymousObserver<int>(i => Console.WriteLine(i * i), e => { }, () => { }));
 
collection.Add(100); // 100, 10000
collection.Add(200); // 200, 40000

var seq = Enumerable.From([1, 5, 10, 4, 3, 2, 99]);
 
// TakeFromLastは末尾からn個の値を取得する
var r1 = seq.TakeFromLast(3).ToArray(); // [3, 2, 99]
// 2.0から追加されているTakeExceptLast(末尾からn個を除く)と対になっています
var r2 = seq.TakeExceptLast(3).ToArray(); // [1, 5, 10, 4]
 
// ToJSONはjson文字列化します(列挙をJSON化なので必ず配列の形になります)
// JSON.stringifyによるJSON化のため、
// ネイティブJSON対応ブラウザ(IE8以降, Firefox, Chrome, Opera...)
// もしくはjson2.jsをインポートしていないと動作しません
var objs = [{ hoge: "huga" }, { tako: 3}];
var json = Enumerable.From(objs).ToJSON(); // [{"hoge":"huga"},{"tako":3}]

// enumerable sequence to observable
var source = Enumerable.Range(1, 10)
    .Shuffle()
    .ToObservable()
    .Publish();
 
source.Where(function (x) { return x % 2 == 0 })
    .Subscribe(function (x) { document.writeln("Even:" + x + "<br>") });
 
source.Where(function (x) { return x % 2 != 0 })
    .Subscribe(function (x) { document.writeln("Odd:" + x + "<br>") });
 
source.Connect();
 
// observable to enumerable
var subject = new Rx.ReplaySubject();
 
subject.OnNext("I");
subject.OnNext(4);
subject.OnNext("B");
subject.OnNext(2);
subject.OnNext("M");
 
var result = subject.ToEnumerable()
    .OfType(String)
    .Select(function (x) { return x.charCodeAt() - 1 })
    .Select(function (x) { return String.fromCharCode(x) })
    .ToString("-");
 
alert(result); // H-A-L

// 連続した重複がある場合最初の値だけを取る
// (RxのDistinctUntilChangedをlinq.jsでやる場合)
// 1, 5, 4, 3, 4
Enumerable.From([1, 1, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4])
    .PartitionBy("", "", "key,group=>group.First()")
// $$でニ引数目も指定出来るようになった
Enumerable.From([1, 1, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4])
    .PartitionBy("", "", "$$.First()")

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>linq.js test</title>
    <link href="qunit.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="qunit.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <!-- テストに必要な外部ライブラリは好きに読み込む -->
    <script src="linq.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <!-- ここにテスト直書きもアリだし -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
        test("Range", function()
        {
            deepEqual(Enumerable.Range(1, 3).ToArray(), [1, 2, 3]);
        });
        // 自動的にロード後に実行されるので、これも問題なく動く
        test("hoge", function ()
        {
            var h2 = document.getElementsByTagName("h2");
            equal(h2.length, 2);
        });
    </script>
    <!-- 外部jsファイルにして読み込むのもアリ -->
    <script src="testEnumerable.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="testProjection.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 id="qunit-header">linq.js test</h1>
    <h2 id="qunit-banner"></h2>
    <h2 id="qunit-userAgent"></h2>
    <ol id="qunit-tests"></ol>
</body>
</html>

/// <reference path="testrunner.htm"/>
 
module("Projection");
 
test("Select", function ()
{
    actual = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Select("i=>i*10").ToArray();
    deepEqual(actual, [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]);
    actual = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Select("i,index=>i*10+index").ToArray();
    deepEqual(actual,[10, 21, 32, 43, 54, 65, 76, 87, 98, 109]);
});

equal(1, "1"); // okay - 参照比較(==)
notEqual
strictEqual(1, "1"); // failed - 厳密な比較(===)
notStrictEqual
deepEqual([1], [1]); // okay - 値比較
notDeepEqual
ok(1 == "1"); // okay - boolean
ok(1 !== "1");  // okay - notの場合は!で

// IEnumerable (RunはForEachです、ようするに)
Enumerable.Range(1, 10)
    .Where(i => i % 2 == 0)
    .Select(i => i * 2)
    .Run(Console.WriteLine, () => Console.WriteLine("completed!"));
 
// IObservable
Observable.Range(1, 10)
    .Where(i => i % 2 == 0)
    .Select(i => i * 2)
    .Subscribe(Console.WriteLine, () => Console.WriteLine("completed!"));

var seq = Observable.Range(1, 5)
    .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("source -> " + i));
 
button1.Click += (sender, e) =>
    seq.Subscribe(i => Console.WriteLine("button1 -> " + i));
 
button2.Click += (sender, e) =>
    seq.Subscribe(i => Console.WriteLine("button2 -> " + i));

// FromEvent(canvas,"MouseMove")は手軽ですが、丁寧にこう書くほうが理想的かしら
Func<IObservable<Point>> GetMouseMovePosition = () =>
    Observable.FromEvent<MouseEventHandler, MouseEventArgs>(
            h => (sender, e) => h(sender, e),
            h => canvas.MouseMove += h,
            h => canvas.MouseMove -= h)
        .Select(e => e.EventArgs.GetPosition(canvas));
 
// ICollection<IDisposable>です。
var disposables = new CompositeDisposable();
 
evenButton.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    disposables.Add(
        GetMouseMovePosition()
            .Where(p => p.X % 2 == 0 && p.Y % 2 == 0)
            .Subscribe(p => Console.WriteLine("Even -> " + p.X + ":" + p.Y)));
};
 
oddButton.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    disposables.Add(
        GetMouseMovePosition()
            .Where(p => p.X % 2 != 0 && p.Y % 2 != 0)
            .Subscribe(p => Console.WriteLine("Odd -> " + p.X + ":" + p.Y)));
};
 
disposeButton.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    // Disposeでイベントのデタッチ + 再登録不可
    // Clearでイベントのデタッチ + 再登録可
    disposables.Clear();
};

var subject = new Subject<int>();
var d1 = subject.Subscribe(i => Console.WriteLine(i));
var d2 = subject.Subscribe(i => Console.WriteLine(i * i));
using (new CompositeDisposable(d1, d2))
{
    subject.OnNext(2); // 2, 4
    subject.OnNext(3); // 3, 9
}
subject.OnNext(2); // usingを抜けデタッチ済みなので何も起こらない

public interface IConnectableObservable<out T> : IObservable<T>
{
    IDisposable Connect();
}

var source = Enumerable.Range(1, 5)
    .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("Source -> " + i));
 
enumerableButton.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    var sum = source.Sum();
    var max = source.Max();
    var all = source.All(i => i < 3);
    Console.WriteLine("sum = " + sum);
    Console.WriteLine("max = " + max);
    Console.WriteLine("all = " + all);
};
 
observableButton.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    var connectable = source.ToObservable().Publish();
 
    connectable.Subscribe(_ => { }, () => Console.WriteLine("OnCompleted"));
 
    var sum = default(int);
    connectable
        .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("BeforeSum -> " + i))
        .Sum()
        .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("AfterSum -> " + i))
        .Subscribe(i => sum = i);
 
    var max = default(int);
    connectable
        .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("BeforeMax -> " + i))
        .Max()
        .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("AfterMax -> " + i))
        .Subscribe(i => max = i);
 
    var all = default(bool);
    connectable
        .Do(i => Console.WriteLine("BeforeAll -> " + i))
        .All(i => i < 3)
        .Do(b => Console.WriteLine("AfterAll -> " + b))
        .Subscribe(b => all = b);
 
    connectable.Connect();
    Console.WriteLine("sum = " + sum);
    Console.WriteLine("max = " + max);
    Console.WriteLine("all = " + all);
};

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var firstLines =
        from path in new[] { "foo.txt", "bar.txt" }
        from stream in File.OpenRead(path)
        from reader in new StreamReader(stream)
        select path + "\t" + reader.ReadLine();
}
 
public static IEnumerable<TResult> SelectMany<TSource, TDisposable, TResult>(
    this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
    Func<TSource, TDisposable> disposableSelector,
    Func<TSource, TDisposable, TResult> resultSelector) where TDisposable : IDisposable
{
    foreach (var item in source)
    {
        using (var disposableItem = disposableSelector(item))
            yield return resultSelector(item, disposableItem);
    }
}

var rand = new Random();
var shuffle = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).OrderBy(_ => rand.Next());

class MyClass
{
    public int Hoge { get; set; }
    public int Fuga { get; set; }
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var array = new[] { new MyClass(), new MyClass() };
    // コンパイルは通るけど例外出る
    var ordered = array.OrderBy(x => x).ToArray();
    // 上のはこれに等しい(当然、例外出る)
    array.OrderBy(x => x, Comparer<MyClass>.Default);
    // AnonymousComparerを使えばComparisonを使った比較が出来る
    array.OrderBy(x => x, (x, y) => x.Fuga - y.Hoge);
}

// SumはAggregateで表現出来る
var sum = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Aggregate((x, y) => x + y); // 55
// でもEmptyで例外出るから表現出来ない(ｷﾘｯ
sum = Enumerable.Empty<int>().Sum(); // 0
sum = Enumerable.Empty<int>().Aggregate((x, y) => x + y); // 例外
// 実はseed与えればおk
sum = Enumerable.Empty<int>().Aggregate(0, (x, y) => x + y); // 0

Serialize BinaryFormatter
00:00:06.4701421
53MB
Serialize XmlSerializer
00:00:07.7035246
59MB
Serialize DataContractSerializer
00:00:02.1545153
149MB
Serialize DataContractSerializer Binary
00:00:01.4706517
78MB
Serialize DataContractJsonSerializer
00:00:02.6021908
47MB
Serialize DataContractJsonSerializer Binary
00:00:02.5019512
75MB
Serialize NetDataContractSerializer
00:00:09.1802584
183MB
Serialize NetDataContractSerializer Binary
00:00:08.1960399
99MB
Serialize Formatter`1 - Protocol Buffers
00:00:00.7043000
13MB
Serialize MsgPackFormatter - MessagePack
00:01:33.3844083
46MB
Serialize JsonSerializer - JSON.NET
00:00:07.4997295
38MB
Serialize JsonSerializer - JSON.NET BSON
00:00:11.7767353
44MB
 
Deserialize BinaryFormatter
00:00:59.1693980
Check => OK
Deserialize XmlSerializer
00:00:02.7073623
Check => NG
Deserialize DataContractSerializer
00:00:06.3459340
Check => OK
Deserialize DataContractSerializer Binary
00:00:03.5622500
Check => OK
Deserialize DataContractJsonSerializer
00:00:10.5392504
Check => OK
Deserialize DataContractJsonSerializer Binary
00:00:07.2658857
Check => OK
Deserialize NetDataContractSerializer
00:00:09.1020073
Check => OK
Deserialize NetDataContractSerializer Binary
00:00:07.4024345
Check => OK
Deserialize Formatter`1 - Protocol Buffers
00:00:00.9176016
Check => OK
Deserialize MsgPackFormatter - MessagePack
00:00:29.8292134
Check => OK
Deserialize JsonSerializer - JSON.NET
00:00:11.7517757
Check => OK
Deserialize JsonSerializer - JSON.NET BSON
00:00:12.0099519
Check => OK

[ProtoContract]
[Serializable]
public class TestClass : IEquatable<TestClass>
{
    [ProtoMember(1)]
    public string MyProperty1 { get; set; }
    [ProtoMember(2)]
    public int MyProperty2 { get; set; }
    [ProtoMember(3)]
    public DateTime MyProperty3 { get; set; }
    [ProtoMember(4)]
    public bool MyProperty4 { get; set; }
    [ProtoMember(5)]
    public KeyValuePair<string, string>[] MyProperty5 { get; set; }
 
    public bool Equals(TestClass other)
    {
        return this.MyProperty1 == other.MyProperty1
            && this.MyProperty2 == other.MyProperty2
            && this.MyProperty3 == other.MyProperty3
            && this.MyProperty4 == other.MyProperty4
            && this.MyProperty5.SequenceEqual(other.MyProperty5);
    }
 
    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return this.MyProperty1.GetHashCode() + this.MyProperty2.GetHashCode();
    }
}

public abstract class SerializerBenchmark
{
    public static readonly List<TestClass> TestData;
 
    static SerializerBenchmark()
    {
        TestData = Enumerable.Range(1, 100000)
            .Select(i => new TestClass
            {
                MyProperty1 = "hoge" + i,
                MyProperty2 = i,
                MyProperty3 = new DateTime(1999, 12, 11).AddDays(i),
                MyProperty4 = i % 2 == 0,
                MyProperty5 = Enumerable.Range(1, 10)
                    .ToDictionary(x => x.ToString(), _ => i.ToString()).ToArray()
            })
            .ToList();
    }
 
    public static SerializerBenchmark<T> Create<T>(T serializer, Func<T, Action<Stream, Object>> serializeSelector, Func<T, Func<Stream, Object>> deserializeSelector, string optional = null)
    {
        return new SerializerBenchmark<T>(serializer, serializeSelector, deserializeSelector, optional);
    }
 
    public abstract void Serialize();
    public abstract void Deserialize();
}

public class SerializerBenchmark<T> : SerializerBenchmark
{
    private T serializer;
    private string name;
    Action<Stream, Object> serialize;
    Func<Stream, Object> deserialize;
 
    private string FileName { get { return name + ".temp"; } }
 
    public SerializerBenchmark(T serializer, Func<T, Action<Stream, Object>> serializeSelector, Func<T, Func<Stream, Object>> deserializeSelector, string optional = null)
    {
        this.serializer = serializer;
        this.name = serializer.GetType().Name + ((optional == null) ? "" : " " + optional);
        this.serialize = serializeSelector(serializer);
        this.deserialize = deserializeSelector(serializer);
    }
 
    private void Bench(string label, Action action)
    {
        GC.Collect();
        Console.WriteLine(label + " " + name);
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        action();
        Console.WriteLine(sw.Elapsed);
    }
 
    private void OpenAndExecute(string path, Action<FileStream> action)
    {
        using (var fs = File.Open(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
        {
            action(fs);
        }
    }
 
    public override void Serialize()
    {
        Bench("Serialize", () => OpenAndExecute(FileName, fs => serialize(fs, TestData)));
        Console.WriteLine(new FileInfo(FileName).Length / 1024 / 1024 + "MB");
    }
 
    public override void Deserialize()
    {
        List<TestClass> data = null;
        Bench("Deserialize", () => OpenAndExecute(FileName, fs => data = (List<TestClass>)deserialize(fs)));
        Console.Write("Check => ");
        Console.WriteLine(TestData.SequenceEqual(data) ? "OK" : "NG");
    }
}

static class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var bench = new List<SerializerBenchmark>
        {
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new BinaryFormatter(), x => x.Serialize, x => x.Deserialize),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<TestClass>)), x => x.Serialize, x => x.Deserialize),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<TestClass>)), x => x.WriteObject, x => x.ReadObject),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<TestClass>)),
                x => (s, data) => XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(s).Using(xw => x.WriteObject(xw, data)),
                x => s => XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(s,XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max).Using(xr => x.ReadObject(xr)),
                "Binary"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<TestClass>)), x => x.WriteObject, x => x.ReadObject),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<TestClass>)),
                x => (s, data) => XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(s).Using(xw => x.WriteObject(xw, data)),
                x => s => XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(s,XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max).Using(xr => x.ReadObject(xr)),
                "Binary"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new NetDataContractSerializer(), x => x.Serialize, x => x.Deserialize),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new NetDataContractSerializer(),
                x => (s, data) => XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(s).Using(xw => x.WriteObject(xw, data)),
                x => s => XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(s,XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max).Using(xr => x.ReadObject(xr)),
                "Binary"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(ProtoBuf.Serializer.CreateFormatter<List<TestClass>>(), x => x.Serialize, x => x.Deserialize, "- Protocol Buffers"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new MsgPackFormatter(), x => x.Serialize, x => x.Deserialize, "- MessagePack"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new JsonSerializer(),
                x => (s, data) => new StreamWriter(s).Using(sw => new JsonTextWriter(sw).Using(tw=> x.Serialize(tw, data))),
                x => s => new StreamReader(s).Using(sr => new JsonTextReader(sr).Using(tr=> x.Deserialize<List<TestClass>>(tr))),
                "- JSON.NET"),
            SerializerBenchmark.Create(new JsonSerializer(),
                x => (s, data) => new BsonWriter(s).Using(bw => x.Serialize(bw, data)),
                x => s => new BsonReader(s){ReadRootValueAsArray = true}.Using(br => x.Deserialize<List<TestClass>>(br)),
                "- JSON.NET BSON")
        };
 
        bench.ForEach(b => b.Serialize());
        Console.WriteLine();
        bench.ForEach(b => b.Deserialize());
 
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
 
    // IDisposable extensions
 
    static void Using<T>(this T disposable, Action<T> action) where T : IDisposable
    {
        using (disposable) action(disposable);
    }
 
    static TR Using<T, TR>(this T disposable, Func<T, TR> func) where T : IDisposable
    {
        using (disposable) return func(disposable);
    }
}